diff --git a/mempalace/mcp_server.py b/mempalace/mcp_server.py
index 71a96df..227e91a 100644
--- a/mempalace/mcp_server.py
+++ b/mempalace/mcp_server.py
@@ -1969,7 +1969,7 @@ SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = [
 
 def handle_request(request):
     if not isinstance(request, dict):
-        return {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "error": {"code": -32600, "message": "Invalid Request"}}
+        return {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": None, "error": {"code": -32600, "message": "Invalid Request"}}
     method = request.get("method") or ""
     params = request.get("params") or {}
     req_id = request.get("id")
diff --git a/tests/test_mcp_server.py b/tests/test_mcp_server.py
index b036afd..0a020d3 100644
--- a/tests/test_mcp_server.py
+++ b/tests/test_mcp_server.py
@@ -190,6 +190,13 @@ class TestHandleRequest:
         resp = handle_request({"method": None, "id": 99, "params": {}})
         assert resp["error"]["code"] == -32601
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("payload", [None, [], "plain", 42, True])
+    def test_handle_request_invalid_payload_returns_jsonrpc_error(self, payload):
+        from mempalace.mcp_server import handle_request
+
+        resp = handle_request(payload)
+        assert resp == {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": None, "error": {"code": -32600, "message": "Invalid Request"}}
+
     def test_tools_call_dispatches(self, monkeypatch, config, palace_path, seeded_kg):
         _patch_mcp_server(monkeypatch, config, seeded_kg)
         from mempalace.mcp_server import handle_request