diff --git a/mempalace/mcp_server.py b/mempalace/mcp_server.py
index ca71f60..30a0bea 100644
--- a/mempalace/mcp_server.py
+++ b/mempalace/mcp_server.py
@@ -1968,6 +1968,12 @@ SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = [
 
 
 def handle_request(request):
+    if not isinstance(request, dict):
+        return {
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "id": None,
+            "error": {"code": -32600, "message": "Invalid Request"},
+        }
     method = request.get("method") or ""
     params = request.get("params") or {}
     req_id = request.get("id")
@@ -2005,6 +2011,15 @@ def handle_request(request):
             },
         }
     elif method == "tools/call":
+        if not isinstance(params, dict) or "name" not in params:
+            return {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "id": req_id,
+                "error": {
+                    "code": -32602,
+                    "message": "Invalid params: 'name' is required for tools/call",
+                },
+            }
         tool_name = params.get("name")
         tool_args = params.get("arguments") or {}
         if tool_name not in TOOLS:
diff --git a/tests/test_mcp_server.py b/tests/test_mcp_server.py
index b036afd..c073830 100644
--- a/tests/test_mcp_server.py
+++ b/tests/test_mcp_server.py
@@ -148,6 +148,20 @@ class TestHandleRequest:
         )
         assert resp["error"]["code"] == -32601
 
+    def test_tools_call_missing_params(self):
+        from mempalace.mcp_server import handle_request
+
+        for bad_params in [None, {}, {"arguments": {}}]:
+            resp = handle_request(
+                {
+                    "method": "tools/call",
+                    "id": 15,
+                    "params": bad_params,
+                }
+            )
+            assert resp["error"]["code"] == -32602
+            assert "Invalid params" in resp["error"]["message"]
+
     def test_unknown_method(self):
         from mempalace.mcp_server import handle_request
 
@@ -190,6 +204,17 @@ class TestHandleRequest:
         resp = handle_request({"method": None, "id": 99, "params": {}})
         assert resp["error"]["code"] == -32601
 
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("payload", [None, [], "plain", 42, True])
+    def test_handle_request_invalid_payload_returns_jsonrpc_error(self, payload):
+        from mempalace.mcp_server import handle_request
+
+        resp = handle_request(payload)
+        assert resp == {
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "id": None,
+            "error": {"code": -32600, "message": "Invalid Request"},
+        }
+
     def test_tools_call_dispatches(self, monkeypatch, config, palace_path, seeded_kg):
         _patch_mcp_server(monkeypatch, config, seeded_kg)
         from mempalace.mcp_server import handle_request